---
title: GnuPG
category: CLI
layout: 2017/sheet
tags: []
updated: 2017-10-18
weight: 0
intro: |
  [GnuPG](https://gnupg.org/) is a complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard.
---

Basics
---------------

### Exporting keys

```bash
gpg -o key.gpg --export <KEY ID>
```

#### __Export key in ASCII:__

```bash
gpg -o key.asc --armor --export <KEY ID>
```

__Note:__ Omitting the `-o|--output` option will print the key to `stdout`.

### Importing keys

```bash
gpg --import key.gpg
gpg --import key.asc
```

#### Only merge updates for keys already in key-ring:

```bash
gpg --import key.asc --merge-options merge-only
```

### Managing your keyring

#### Generate a new key:
```bash
gpg --gen-key
# or, generate a new key with dialogs for all options
gpg --full-gen-key
```

#### List public keys:

```bash
gpg -k
gpg --list-keys
```

#### List secret keys:

```bash
gpg -K
gpg --list-secret-keys
```


### Using a keyserver

#### Import keys from keyserver:
```bash
gpg --receive-keys <KEY IDS>
```

#### Upload keys to keyserver:
```bash
gpg --send-keys <KEY IDS>
```

#### Request updates from keyserver for keys already in your keyring:
```bash
gpg --refresh-keys
```

#### Search keys from keyserver:
```bash
gpg --search-keys "<SEARCH STRING>"
```

#### Override keyserver from `~/.gnupg/gpg.conf`
```bash
gpg --keyserver <URL> ...
```


Encrypting
---------
{: .-two-column}

### Public key encryption
This will produce an encrypted file, `secret.txt.gpg`, that can only be decrypted by the recipient:

```bash
gpg -e -o secret.txt.gpg -r <RECIPIENT> secret.txt
```

For `<RECIPIENT>` you can use their key ID, their email, or their name (or part thereof).

```bash
gpg -e -r <KEY ID> ...
gpg -e -r "Bez" ...
gpg -e -r "bezalelhermoso@gmail.com" ...
```

#### Specifying multiple recipients

```bash
gpg -e -r <RECIPIENT> -r <ANOTHER RECIPIENT> ... secret.txt
```

__NOTE__: Omitting `-o|--output` will produce an encrypted file named `<ORIGINAL FILENAME>.gpg` by default.

### Symmetric encryption

Encrypt file using a shared key. You will be prompted for a passphrase.

```bash
gpg --symmetric secret.txt
# or
gpg -c secret.txt
```

Decrypting
---------
{: .-one-column}

### Decrypting a file

```bash
gpg -d -o secret.txt secret.txt.gpg
```

If the file is encrypted via symmetric encryption, you will be prompted for the passphrase.

__NOTE__: Omitting `-o|--output` will print the unencrypted contents to `stdout`

Signing & Verifying
---------
{: .-two-column}

### Signing

```bash
gpg -o signed-file.txt.gpg -s file.txt
```

#### This can be used during encryption to also sign encrypted files:

```bash
gpg -s -o secret.txt.gpg \
  -r <RECIPIENT> secret.txt
```

### Verifying a signature

```bash
gpg --verify file.txt.gpg
```

### Viewing content of signed file

```bash
gpg -d signed-file.txt.gpg
```

Miscellaneous
----------
{: .-two-column}

### Components

List all components:
{: .-setup}

```bash
gpgconf --list-components
```

Kill a component:

```bash
gpgconf --kill <COMPONENT> # i.e. gpgconf --kill dirmngr
```

Kill all components:
```bash
gpgconf --kill all
```

### Parsing keyring data

Use `--with-colons` to produce an output that can easily be parsed i.e. with `awk`, `grep`, etc:

```bash
gpg -k --with-colons
```

Field Quick Reference:

| Field | Description |
| 1     | Record type |
| 2     | Validity |
| 3     | Key length in bits |
| 4     | Public key algoritm |
| 5     | Key ID |
| 6     | Creation date |
| 7     | Expiry date |
| 8     | Certifcate S/N, UID hash, trust signature info |
| 9     | Ownertrust |
| 10    | User ID |
| 11    | Signature class |
| 12    | Key capabilities |
| 13    | Issuer fingerprint |
| 14    | Flag field |
| 15    | S/N of token |
| 16    | Hash algorithm |
| 17    | Curve name |
| 18    | Compliance flags |
| 19    | Last update timestamp |
| 20    | Origin |