Update the xpath cheatsheet
This commit is contained in:
Rico Sta. Cruz
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49c950ed24
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@ -94,16 +94,68 @@
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}
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.greycode code {
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pre {
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background: #fcfcfc;
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border-bottom: solid 1px #eef3fa;
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}
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/*
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* grey code
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*/
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.greycode td:first-child code,
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.greycode th:first-child code {
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background: #f3f3f3;
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padding: 5px 5px 4px 5px;
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border-radius: 3px;
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}
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.greycode code + em {
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color: #aaa;
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.greycode td:first-child code + em,
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.greycode th:first-child code + em {
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color: #808890;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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margin: 0 5px;
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}
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.greycode a {
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margin: 0 5px;
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}
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@media (min-width: 768px) {
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table.greycode {
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width: calc(620px + 100px);
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margin-left: -50px;
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background: #fcfcfc;
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border-radius: 4px;
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border-top: 0;
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border-bottom: solid 1px #eef3fa;
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}
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table.greycode thead:first-child > tr:first-child > th,
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table.greycode thead:first-child > tr:first-child > td,
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table.greycode tbody:first-child > tr:first-child > th,
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table.greycode tbody:first-child > tr:first-child > td {
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border-top: 0;
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}
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table.greycode thead > tr:first-child > th,
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table.greycode thead > tr:first-child > td,
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table.greycode tbody > tr:first-child > th,
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table.greycode tbody > tr:first-child > td {
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border-top: solid 1px #c7d7ee;
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}
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table.greycode td:first-child,
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table.greycode th:first-child {
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padding-left: 50px;
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}
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table.greycode td:last-child,
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table.greycode th:last-child {
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padding-right: 50px;
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}
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}
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.hljs-comment {
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font-style: normal;
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}
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295
xpath.md
295
xpath.md
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@ -3,47 +3,288 @@ title: Xpath
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layout: default
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---
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CSS equivalents
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---------------
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| CSS | Xpath |
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| --- | --- |
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| `div p` | `//div//p` |
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| `ul > li` | `//ul/li` |
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| `div > *` | `//div/*` |
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| `h1 ~ ul` | `//h1/following-sibling::ul` |
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| `h1 ~ #id` | `//h1/following-sibling::[@id="id"]` |
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| --- | --- |
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| `:root` | `/` |
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| `:root > body` | `/body` |
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| --- | --- |
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| `input[type="submit"]` | `//input[@type="submit"]` |
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| `a[href^='/']` | `//a[starts-with(@href, '/')]` |
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| `a[href$='pdf']` | `//a[ends-with(@href, '.pdf')]` |
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| --- | --- |
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| `#id` | `//[@id="id"]` |
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| `.class` | `//[@class="class"]` *...see below* |
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| --- | --- |
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| `ul > li:first-child` | `//ul/li[1]` |
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| `ul > li:nth-child(2)` | `//ul/li[2]` |
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| `ul > li:last-child` | `//ul/li[last()]` |
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| --- | --- |
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| `li#id:first-child` | `//li[@id="id"][1]` |
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| --- | --- |
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| `a:first-child` | `//a[1]` |
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| `a:last-child` | `//a[last()]` |
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| `li:first-of-type` | `//li[not(preceding-sibling::li)]` |
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{:.greycode.no-head}
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### Class check
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Xpath doesn't have the "check if part of space-separated list" operator, so this is the workaround:
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```sh
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//div[contains(concat(' ',normalize-space(@class),' '),' foobar ')]
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```
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### jQuery equivalents
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For things that CSS alone can't do.
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| jQuery | Xpath |
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| ------ | --- |
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| `$('ul > li').parent()` | `//ul/li/..` |
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| `$('li').closest('section')` | `//li/ancestor-or-self::section` |
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| `$('a').attr('href')` | `//a/@href` |
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| `$('span').text()` | `//span/text()` |
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{:.greycode.no-head}
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Expressions
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-----------
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### Prefixes
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Begin your expression with any of these.
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// anywhere # //hr[@class='edge']
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./ relative # ./a
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/ root # /html/body/div
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| Prefix | Example |
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| --- | --- |
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| `//` *anywhere* | `//hr[@class='edge']` |
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| `./` *relative* | `./a` |
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| `/` *root* | `/html/body/div` |
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{:.greycode.no-head}
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### Conditions (`[]`)
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### Axes
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Separate your steps with `/`. Use two (`//`) if you don't want direct descendants.
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# div[@class="head"]
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# div[@class="head" and @id="top"]
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| Axis | Example |
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| --- | --- |
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| `/` *child* | `//ul/li/a` |
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| `//` *descendant* | `//[@id="list"]//a` |
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{:.greycode.no-head}
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### Selecting node data
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```sh
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//a #=> <a>
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//a/text() #=> "Go home"
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//a/@href #=> "index.html"
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//a/* #=> All a's child elements
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```
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Predicates
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----------
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### Predicates (`[]`)
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Restricts a nodeset only if some condition is true. They can be chained.
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```sh
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//div[true()]
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//div[@class="head"]
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//div[@class="head"][@id="top"]
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```
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### Operators
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Use operators to make conditionals.
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```sh
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# Comparison
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//a[@id = "xyz"]
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//a[@id != "xyz"]
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//a[@price > 25]
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```
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```sh
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# Logic (and/or)
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//div[@id="head" and position()=2]
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//div[(x and y) or not(z)]
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```
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### Using nodes
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You can use nodes inside predicates.
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```sh
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# Use them inside functions
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//ul[count(li) > 2]
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//ul[count(li[@class='hide']) > 0]
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```
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```sh
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# This returns `<ul>` that has a `<li>` child
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//ul[li]
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```
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### Nesting predicates
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This returns `<section>` if it has an `<h1>` descendant with `id='hi'`.
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```
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//section[//h1[@id='hi']]
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```
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### Predicate order
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Order is significant, these two are different.
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```sh
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a[1][@href='/']
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a[@href='/'][1]
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```
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### Indexing
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Use `[]` with a number, or `last()` or `position()`.
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```sh
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//a[1] # first <a>
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//a[last()] # last <a>
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//ol/li[2] # second <li>
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//ol/li[position()=2] # ...same as above
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```
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Functions
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---------
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### Node functions
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text() # button[text()="Submit"]
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name() # *[name()='div']
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lang(str)
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namespace-uri()
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count() # table[count(tr)=1]
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position() # ol/li[position()=2]
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### Boolean functions
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not(expr) # button[not(text()="Submit")]
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### String functions
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contains() # font[contains(@class,"head")]
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starts-with() # font[starts-with(@class,"head")]
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ends-with() # font[ends-with(@class,"head")]
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text() # button[text()="Submit"]
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name() # div[child[name()='div']]
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lang(str)
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namespace-uri()
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concat(x,y)
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substring(str, start, len)
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substring-before("01/02", "/") #=> 01
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substring-after("01/02", "/") #=> 02
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translate()
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normalize-space()
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string-length()
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count() # table[count(tr)=1]
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last() # tr[last()]
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position() # ol/li[position()=2]
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### Type conversion
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not(expr)
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string()
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number()
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boolean()
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### Axes
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Axes
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----
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/ child # div/a div[child::a]
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// descendant # div//a
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@ attribute # input[@type="text"]
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.. parent # span[parent::[name()='div']]
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```sh
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//ul/li
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//div/h1/span
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```
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{:.light}
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ancestor
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ancestor-or-self
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following
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following-sibling
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preceding
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preceding-sibling
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### Descendant-or-self axis
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When you use `//` for descendants, this is short or `/descendant-or-self::`.
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### Nesting
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```sh
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//div//h4
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//div/descendant-or-self::h4
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a[/span[@class="heading"]]
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//ul//[last()]
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//ul/descendant-or-self::[last()]
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```
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### Child axis
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When no axis is specifid, a step with a `name` is short for `child::name`. This is what makes `//a/b/c` work.
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```sh
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//ul/li/a
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//ul/child::li/child::a
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```
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### Attribute axis
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When you use `@` for attributes, that's short for the `attribute::` axis.
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```sh
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//a/@href
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//a/attribute::href
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//div[@id="box"]
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//div[attribute::id="box"]
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```
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### Other axes
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There are other axes you can use.
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| Axis | Abbrev | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `ancestor` | | |
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| `ancestor-or-self` | | |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `attribute` | `@` | `@href` is short for `attribute::href` |
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| `child` | | `div` is short for `child::div` |
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| `descendant` | | |
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| `descendant-or-self` | `//` | `//` is short for `/descendant-or-self::node()/` |
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| `namespace` | | |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `self` | `.` | `.` is short for `self::node()` |
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| `parent` | `..` | `..` is short for `parent::node()` |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `following` | | |
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| `following-sibling` | | |
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| `preceding` | | |
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| `preceding-sibling` | | |
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{:.greycode}
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More examples
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-------------
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```sh
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//* # all elements
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count(//*) # count all elements
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//h1[1]/text() # hext of the first h1 heading
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//li[span] # Find a <li> with an <span> inside it
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# ...expands to //li[child::span]
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//ul/li/.. # use .. to select a parent
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```
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```sh
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# Find a <section> that directly contains h1#section-name
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//section[child::h1[@id='section-name']]
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```
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```sh
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# like jQuery's $().closest('.box')
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./ancestor-or-self::[@class="box"]
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```
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```sh
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# Find a <section> that contains h1#section-name
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# (Same as above, but use descendant-or-self instead of child)
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//section[//*[@id='section-name']]
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```
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```sh
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# Find <item> and check its attributes
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//item[@price > 2*@discount]
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```
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References
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----------
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* [Xpath test bed](http://www.whitebeam.org/library/guide/TechNotes/xpathtestbed.rhtm) (whitebeam.org)
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