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mysql: Update formatting

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--- ---
title: MySql title: MySQL
updated: 2018-12-25
layout: 2017/sheet
category: Databases category: Databases
--- ---
### Create / Delete Database ### Create / Delete Database
CREATE DATABASE dbNameYouWant
CREATE DATABASE dbNameYouWant CHARACTER SET utf8 ```sql
DROP DATABASE dbNameYouWant CREATE DATABASE dbNameYouWant
ALTER DATABASE dbNameYouWant CHARACTER SET utf8 CREATE DATABASE dbNameYouWant CHARACTER SET utf8
DROP DATABASE dbNameYouWant
ALTER DATABASE dbNameYouWant CHARACTER SET utf8
```
### Backup Database to SQL File ### Backup Database to SQL File
mysqldump -u Username -p dbNameYouWant > databasename_backup.sql
```bash
mysqldump -u Username -p dbNameYouWant > databasename_backup.sql
```
### Restore from backup SQL File ### Restore from backup SQL File
mysql - u Username -p dbNameYouWant < databasename_backup.sql
```bash
mysql - u Username -p dbNameYouWant < databasename_backup.sql
```
### Repair Tables After Unclean Shutdown ### Repair Tables After Unclean Shutdown
mysqlcheck --all-databases
mysqlcheck --all-databases --fast ```bash
mysqlcheck --all-databases
mysqlcheck --all-databases --fast
```
### Browsing ### Browsing
SHOW DATABASES
SHOW TABLES ```sql
SHOW FIELDS FROM table / DESCRIBE table SHOW DATABASES
SHOW CREATE TABLE table SHOW TABLES
SHOW PROCESSLIST SHOW FIELDS FROM table / DESCRIBE table
KILL process_number SHOW CREATE TABLE table
SHOW PROCESSLIST
KILL process_number
```
### Select ### Select
SELECT * FROM table
SELECT * FROM table1, table2, ... ```sql
SELECT field1, field2, ... FROM table1, table2, ... SELECT * FROM table
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition SELECT * FROM table1, table2, ...
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUPBY field SELECT field1, field2, ... FROM table1, table2, ...
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUPBY field HAVING condition2 SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUPBY field
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 DESC SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUPBY field HAVING condition2
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition LIMIT 10 SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2
SELECT DISTINCT field1 FROM ... SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 DESC
SELECT DISTINCT field1, field2 FROM ... SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition LIMIT 10
SELECT DISTINCT field1 FROM ...
SELECT DISTINCT field1, field2 FROM ...
```
### Select - Join ### Select - Join
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition ```sql
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN (t2 JOIN t3 ON ...) ON ... SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN (t2 JOIN t3 ON ...) ON ...
```
### Conditions ### Conditions
field1 = value1
field1 <> value1 ```sql
field1 LIKE 'value _ %' field1 = value1
field1 IS NULL field1 <> value1
field1 IS NOT NULL field1 LIKE 'value _ %'
field1 IS IN (value1, value2) field1 IS NULL
field1 IS NOT IN (value1, value2) field1 IS NOT NULL
condition1 AND condition2 field1 IS IN (value1, value2)
condition1 OR condition2 field1 IS NOT IN (value1, value2)
condition1 AND condition2
condition1 OR condition2
```
### Insert ### Insert
INSERT INTO table1 (field1, field2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...)
```sql
INSERT INTO table1 (field1, field2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...)
```
### Delete ### Delete
DELETE FROM table1 / TRUNCATE table1
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE condition ```sql
DELETE FROM table1, table2 FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id1 = DELETE FROM table1 / TRUNCATE table1
table2.id2 AND condition DELETE FROM table1 WHERE condition
DELETE FROM table1, table2 FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id1 =
table2.id2 AND condition
```
### Update ### Update
UPDATE table1 SET field1=new_value1 WHERE condition ```sql
UPDATE table1, table2 SET field1=new_value1, field2=new_value2, ... WHERE UPDATE table1 SET field1=new_value1 WHERE condition
table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition UPDATE table1, table2 SET field1=new_value1, field2=new_value2, ... WHERE
table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition
```
### Create / Delete / Modify Table ### Create / Delete / Modify Table
*Create* #### Create
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ...)
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., INDEX (field))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1,
field2))
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., ```sql
FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA)) CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ...)
[ON UPDATE|ON DELETE] [CASCADE|SET NULL] CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., INDEX (field))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1))
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., PRIMARY KEY (field1,
field2))
```
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, fk_field2 type2, ..., ```sql
FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1, fk_field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA, t2_fieldB)) CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, field2 type2, ...,
FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA))
[ON UPDATE|ON DELETE] [CASCADE|SET NULL]
```
CREATE TABLE table IF NOT EXISTS (...) ```sql
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, fk_field2 type2, ...,
FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1, fk_field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA, t2_fieldB))
```
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (...) ```sql
CREATE TABLE table IF NOT EXISTS (...)
```
*Drop* ```sql
DROP TABLE table CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (...)
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table ```
DROP TABLE table1, table2, ...
*Alter* #### Drop
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 SET DEFAULT ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table DROP field1
ALTER TABLE table ADD INDEX (field);
*Change field order* ```sql
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 FIRST DROP TABLE table
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 AFTER another_field DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 FIRST DROP TABLE table1, table2, ...
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 AFTER ```
another_field
#### Alter
```sql
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 SET DEFAULT ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table DROP field1
ALTER TABLE table ADD INDEX (field);
```
#### Change field order
```sql
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 AFTER
another_field
```
### Keys ### Keys
CREATE TABLE table (..., PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2))
CREATE TABLE table (..., FOREIGN KEY (field1, field2) REFERENCES table2
(t2_field1, t2_field2))
```sql
CREATE TABLE table (..., PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2))
CREATE TABLE table (..., FOREIGN KEY (field1, field2) REFERENCES table2
(t2_field1, t2_field2))
```
### Users and Privileges ### Users and Privileges
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* FROM 'user'@'host'; -- one permission only
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'user'@'host'; -- all permissions
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new_pass') ```sql
SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'host' = PASSWORD('new_pass') GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
SET PASSWORD = OLD_PASSWORD('new_pass') GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* FROM 'user'@'host'; -- one permission only
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'user'@'host'; -- all permissions
```
DROP USER 'user'@'host' ```sql
host ‘%’ indicates any host. SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new_pass')
SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'host' = PASSWORD('new_pass')
SET PASSWORD = OLD_PASSWORD('new_pass')
```
```sql
DROP USER 'user'@'host'
```
Host ‘%’ indicates any host.
### Main Data Types ### Main Data Types
TINYINT (1o: -217+128) SMALLINT (2o: +-65 000)
MEDIUMINT (3o: +-16 000 000) INT (4o: +- 2 000 000 000)
BIGINT (8o: +-9.10^18)
Precise interval: -(2^(8*N-1)) -> (2^8*N)-1 ```sql
/!\ INT(2) = "2 digits displayed" -- NOT "number with 2 digits max" TINYINT (1o: -217+128)
SMALLINT (2o: +-65 000)
MEDIUMINT (3o: +-16 000 000)
INT (4o: +- 2 000 000 000)
BIGINT (8o: +-9.10^18)
```
FLOAT(M,D) DOUBLE(M,D) FLOAT(D=0->53) ```sql
/!\ 8,3 -> 12345,678 -- NOT 12345678,123! Precise interval: -(2^(8*N-1)) -> (2^8*N)-1
```
TIME (HH:MM) YEAR (AAAA) DATE (AAAA-MM-JJ) DATETIME (AAAA-MM-JJ HH:MM; années 1000->9999) ⚠ INT(2) = "2 digits displayed" -- NOT "number with 2 digits max"
TIMESTAMP (like DATETIME, but 1970->2038, compatible with Unix)
VARCHAR (single-line; explicit size) TEXT (multi-lines; max size=65535) BLOB (binary; max size=65535) ```sql
Variants for TEXT&BLOB: TINY (max=255) MEDIUM (max=~16000) LONG (max=4Go) FLOAT(M,D)
Ex: VARCHAR(32), TINYTEXT, LONGBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT DOUBLE(M,D)
FLOAT(D=0->53)
```
ENUM ('value1', 'value2', ...) -- (default NULL, or '' if NOT NULL) ⚠ 8,3 -> 12345,678 -- NOT 12345678,123!
```sql
TIME (HH:MM)
YEAR (AAAA)
DATE (AAAA-MM-JJ)
DATETIME (AAAA-MM-JJ HH:MM; années 1000->9999)
TIMESTAMP (like DATETIME, but 1970->2038, compatible with Unix)
```
```sql
VARCHAR (single-line; explicit size)
TEXT (multi-lines; max size=65535)
BLOB (binary; max size=65535)
```
Variants for TEXT&BLOB: `TINY` (max=255), `MEDIUM` (max=~16000), and `LONG` (max=4Go). Ex: `VARCHAR(32)`, `TINYTEXT`, `LONGBLOB`, `MEDIUMTEXT`
```sql
ENUM ('value1', 'value2', ...) -- (default NULL, or '' if NOT NULL)
```
### Reset Root Password ### Reset Root Password
$ /etc/init.d/mysql stop
$ mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables ```bash
$ mysql # on another terminal $ /etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('new_pass') WHERE user='root'; ```
## Switch back to the mysqld_safe terminal and kill the process using Control + \
$ /etc/init.d/mysql start</code> ```bash
$ mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
```
```bash
$ mysql # on another terminal
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('new_pass') WHERE user='root';
```
```bash
## Switch back to the mysqld_safe terminal and kill the process using Control + \
$ /etc/init.d/mysql start
```
Your commands may vary depending on your OS.