### Hello world

#### hello.php

    <?php
    function greetMe($name): string
    {
        return "Hello, " . $name . "!";
    }

    $message = greetMe($name);
    echo $message;

All PHP files start with `<?php`.

See: PHP tags

### Objects

    <?php

    $fruitsArray = array(
        "apple" => 20,
        "banana" => 30
    );
    echo $fruitsArray['banana'];

Or cast as object

    <?php

    $fruitsObject = (object) $fruits;
    echo $fruitsObject->banana;

### Inspecting objects

    <?php
    var_dump($object)

Prints the contents of a variable for inspection.

See: var_dump

### Classes

    class Person
    {
        public $name = '';
    }

    $person = new Person();
    $person->name = 'bob';

    echo $person->name;

### Getters and setters

    class Person
    {
        private $name = '';

        public function getName(): string
        {
            return $this->name;
        }

        public function setName(string $name)
        {
            $this->name = $name;
            return $this;
        }
    }

    $person = new Person();
    $person->setName('bob');

    echo $person->getName();

### isset vs empty

    $options = [
        'key' => 'value',
        'blank' => '',
        'nothing' => null,
    ];

    var_dump(isset($options['key']), empty($options['key'])); // true, false
    var_dump(isset($options['blank']), empty($options['blank'])); // true, true
    var_dump(isset($options['nothing']), empty($options['nothing'])); // false, true

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