////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// DISCLAIMER
///
/// Copyright 2014-2017 ArangoDB GmbH, Cologne, Germany
/// Copyright 2004-2014 triAGENS GmbH, Cologne, Germany
///
/// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
/// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
/// You may obtain a copy of the License at
///
///     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
///
/// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
/// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
/// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
/// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
/// limitations under the License.
///
/// Copyright holder is ArangoDB GmbH, Cologne, Germany
///
/// @author Simon Grätzer
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "Utils.h"

#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <s2/s2latlng.h>
#include <s2/s2region_coverer.h>

#include "Basics/VelocyPackHelper.h"
#include "Basics/debugging.h"
#include "Containers/HashSet.h"
#include "Geo/Ellipsoid.h"
#include "Geo/ShapeContainer.h"
#include "Geo/karney/geodesic.h"

namespace arangodb {
namespace geo {
namespace utils {

Result indexCellsLatLng(VPackSlice const& data, bool isGeoJson,
                        std::vector<S2CellId>& cells, S2Point& centroid) {
  if (!data.isArray() || data.length() < 2) {
    return TRI_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER;
  }

  VPackSlice lat = data.at(isGeoJson ? 1 : 0);
  VPackSlice lon = data.at(isGeoJson ? 0 : 1);
  if (!lat.isNumber() || !lon.isNumber()) {
    return TRI_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER;
  }
  S2LatLng ll = S2LatLng::FromDegrees(lat.getNumericValue<double>(),
                                      lon.getNumericValue<double>());
  if (!ll.is_valid()) {
    return TRI_ERROR_BAD_PARAMETER;
  }
  centroid = ll.ToPoint();
  cells.emplace_back(centroid);
  return TRI_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
}

/// generate intervalls of list of intervals to scan
void scanIntervals(QueryParams const& params, S2RegionCoverer* coverer,
                   S2Region const& region, std::vector<Interval>& sortedIntervals) {
  std::vector<S2CellId> cover;
  coverer->GetCovering(region, &cover);
  TRI_ASSERT(!cover.empty());
  TRI_ASSERT(params.cover.worstIndexedLevel == coverer->options().min_level());
  scanIntervals(params, cover, sortedIntervals);
}

/// will return all the intervals including the cells containing them
/// in the less detailed levels. Should allow us to scan all intervals
/// which may contain intersecting geometries
void scanIntervals(QueryParams const& params, std::vector<S2CellId> const& cover,
                   std::vector<Interval>& sortedIntervals) {
  TRI_ASSERT(params.cover.worstIndexedLevel > 0);
  if (cover.empty()) {
    return;
  }
  // reserve some space
  int pl = std::max(cover[0].level() - params.cover.worstIndexedLevel, 0);
  sortedIntervals.reserve(cover.size() + pl * cover.size());

  // prefix matches
  for (S2CellId const& prefix : cover) {
    if (prefix.is_leaf()) {
      sortedIntervals.emplace_back(prefix, prefix);
    } else {
      sortedIntervals.emplace_back(prefix.range_min(), prefix.range_max());
    }
  }

  if (!params.pointsOnly && params.filterType == FilterType::INTERSECTS) {
    // we need to find larger cells that may still contain (parts of) the cover,
    // these are parent cells, up to the minimum allowed cell level allowed in
    // the index. In that case we do not need to look at all sub-cells only
    // at the exact parent cell id. E.g. we got cover cell id [47|11|50]; we do
    // not need
    // to look at [47|1|40] or [47|11|60] because these cells don't intersect,
    // but polygons indexed with exact cell id [47|11] still might.
    ::arangodb::containers::HashSet<uint64_t> parentSet;
    for (const S2CellId& interval : cover) {
      S2CellId cell = interval;

      // add all parent cells of our "exact" cover
      while (params.cover.worstIndexedLevel < cell.level()) {  // don't use
        // level < 0
        cell = cell.parent();
        parentSet.insert(cell.id());
      }
    }
    // just add them, sort them later
    for (uint64_t exact : parentSet) {
      sortedIntervals.emplace_back(S2CellId(exact), S2CellId(exact));
    }
  }

  // sort these disjunct intervals
  std::sort(sortedIntervals.begin(), sortedIntervals.end(), Interval::compare);

#ifdef ARANGODB_ENABLE_MAINTAINER_MODE
  //  constexpr size_t diff = 64;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < sortedIntervals.size() - 1; i++) {
    TRI_ASSERT(sortedIntervals[i].range_min <= sortedIntervals[i].range_max);
    TRI_ASSERT(sortedIntervals[i].range_max < sortedIntervals[i + 1].range_min);
    /*
     if (std::abs((sortedIntervals[i].max.id() -
     sortedIntervals[i + 1].min.id())) < diff) {
     sortedIntervals[i].max = sortedIntervals.min
     }*/
  }
  TRI_ASSERT(!sortedIntervals.empty());
  TRI_ASSERT(sortedIntervals[0].range_min < sortedIntervals.back().range_max);
#endif
}

double geodesicDistance(S2LatLng const& p1, S2LatLng const& p2, geo::Ellipsoid const& e) {
  // Use Karney's algorithm
  struct geod_geodesic g;
  geod_init(&g, e.equator_radius(), e.flattening());

  double dist;
  geod_inverse(&g, p1.lat().degrees(), p1.lng().degrees(), p2.lat().degrees(),
               p2.lng().degrees(), &dist, NULL, NULL);

  return dist;
}

S2LatLng geodesicPointAtDist(S2LatLng const& p, double dist, double azimuth,
                             geo::Ellipsoid const& e) {
  // Use Karney's algorithm
  struct geod_geodesic g;
  geod_init(&g, e.equator_radius(), e.flattening());

  double lat, lon;
  geod_direct(&g, p.lat().degrees(), p.lng().degrees(), azimuth, dist, &lat, &lon, NULL);

  return S2LatLng::FromDegrees(lat, lon);
}

// TODO remove ?
#if 0
double geodesic_distance(const geo::S2Point &p,
                         const ql::datum_t &g,
                         const ellipsoid_spec_t &e) {
    class distance_estimator_t : public s2_geo_visitor_t<double> {
    public:
        distance_estimator_t(
                             lon_lat_point_t r, const geo::S2Point &r_s2, const ellipsoid_spec_t &_e)
        : ref_(r), ref_s2_(r_s2), e_(_e) { }
        double on_point(const geo::S2Point &point) {
            lon_lat_point_t llpoint =
            lon_lat_point_t(geo::S2LatLng::Longitude(point).degrees(),
                            geo::S2LatLng::Latitude(point).degrees());
            return geodesic_distance(ref_, llpoint, e_);
        }
        double on_line(const geo::S2Polyline &line) {
            // This sometimes over-estimates large distances, because the
            // projection assumes spherical rather than ellipsoid geometry.
            int next_vertex;
            geo::S2Point prj = line.Project(ref_s2_, &next_vertex);
            if (prj == ref_s2_) {
                // ref_ is on the line
                return 0.0;
            } else {
                lon_lat_point_t llprj =
                lon_lat_point_t(geo::S2LatLng::Longitude(prj).degrees(),
                                geo::S2LatLng::Latitude(prj).degrees());
                return geodesic_distance(ref_, llprj, e_);
            }
        }
        double on_polygon(const geo::S2Polygon &polygon) {
            // This sometimes over-estimates large distances, because the
            // projection assumes spherical rather than ellipsoid geometry.
            geo::S2Point prj = polygon.Project(ref_s2_);
            if (prj == ref_s2_) {
                // ref_ is inside/on the polygon
                return 0.0;
            } else {
                lon_lat_point_t llprj =
                lon_lat_point_t(geo::S2LatLng::Longitude(prj).degrees(),
                                geo::S2LatLng::Latitude(prj).degrees());
                return geodesic_distance(ref_, llprj, e_);
            }
        }
        double on_latlngrect(const geo::S2LatLngRect &) {
            throw geo_exception_t("Distance calculation not implemented on LatLngRect.");
        }
        lon_lat_point_t ref_;
        const geo::S2Point &ref_s2_;
        const ellipsoid_spec_t &e_;
    };
    distance_estimator_t estimator(
                                   lon_lat_point_t(geo::S2LatLng::Longitude(p).degrees(),
                                                   geo::S2LatLng::Latitude(p).degrees()),
                                   p, e);
    return visit_geojson(&estimator, g);
}

#endif

}  // namespace utils
}  // namespace geo
}  // namespace arangodb